After a little rumination and some special time with various cheesy products, I'd call it emergence, but emergence of what? An understanding of everything that something is through synergistic triangulation? How might it be captured? Is this what "art" is?
Yes. A few simple rules... based on a formula wherein the response of a given agent (firefly) is determined by a random agent-specific numeral. With multiple subjects, say a swarm of fireflies, most of this randomness is undecipherable; but occasionally a group will light up in a recognizable pattern, say, a star. Now what would need to be done is make a rule that a given pattern has a unique property, that may or may not affect other fireflies in a manner that they produce other patterns with different rules. Sort of like an intermittent fractal through time I suppose.