Not sure what "genius" is, but if i do make sense, i think its just a matter of experience and time spent thinking about this stuff. I think your subjective logic is generally heading towards the right direction.
About Jules. I dont know. This may seem strange but i find it difficult to type fictional characters because they often seem one dimensional. Type requires "multidimensionality." The director/scriptwriter seems INTP though. I mean there's plenty of analytical, argumetative, philosophical, conversations. I have seen the movie years ago. I don't know, they all seem INTP because of the way they think. -_-"