I have always wondered what email-hosts they use.
Gmail gives any 18-year-old an email. They don't even ask for proof of name. So someone could make 1,000 gmail accounts if they wanted.
If they try to use something popular, they would have to literally buy several SIM cards for each troll account. Even after doing all this, they can be easily be caught by any cybercrime investigation because getting SIM cards require lots of documentation and identity verification.
Sounds like you are talking about 2FA (2-Factor Authentication), i.e. when the site sends you a text to verify it's you.
In the UK, it seems pretty difficult to get a phone without ID like a passport. But not every country in the world may be as strict as the UK about things like this.
Also, on TV and the news, it seems quite easy for terrorists to get a burner phone. One would think that the police would immediately be notified if a known terrorist buys a phone. But apparently not. So if terrorists can get a phone without having to prove ID, any troll probably could, and so a troll could have multiple phones.
Also, a lot of sites allow you to prove it is you, by receiving your authentication code via email. So then you don't need a phone to log in, even if you have one.
So it seems as if identification systems are not all they are cracked up to be.
Dark Web email hosts do not work as intended and most of the garbage found there is nothing but a scam. No email clients work reliably and those who do are immediately flagged as spam by the relevant email providers.
I've never used the Dark Web. So I wouldn't know about that. But they must be good at protecting people's identities while still allowing them to do all sorts, because otherwise, how would terrorists and drug dealers be able to instagram and snapchat their friends?
That begs the question if trolling is an organized activity because there is not much incentive for any person to troll someone online and get banned and lose that privilege everywhere they happen to be caught. It takes too much time and energy and frankly even $$. Imagine trolling someone while keeping in mind to not get banned or caught which is the antithesis of trolling.
You don't really need to "troll" anymore. These days, social media and internet forums are so full of people politicking for personal interests, it's almost as if half the world is trolling on the internet.
Now the trolls AnimeKitty talks about probably are found on archaic forums without any kind of validation procedure for users or shitty mods or a combination of all. Even if that is the case, I don't know if there are really such old-ass forums out there no less filled with trolls. Every forum who survived the '10s ended up using something like XenForo which seems to be very well made and high quality
I looked up XenForo. It's written in PHP and MySQL. People use PHP and MySQL because they're free, and almost any idiot with zero idea about security could use it. However, I've seen a LOT of PHP code that is incredibly verbose and very difficult to diagnose.
I was even asked to fix a site with PHP and MySQL, that was blocked by Google. Turned out they had a very, very sneaky PHP hack that would collect clients credit card details and email them to somewhere in Russia. Only saving grace for the website's owner, was that he had never gotten around to accepting money online, and so there were no credit cards to email.
Sadly, internet security is still such a joke, that there's actually a profession called "cybersecurity" now.