I organize it this way. There are two types of values and why people value certain things: Environment and Innate Preference.
Environment is everything external from the person. Behaviorism. Conditioning.
Innate Preference is everything internal. Biology. Temperament.
If I've eaten nothing but potatoes, how do I value potatoes?
If you eat it to survive, then the situation falls under innate preference. You value it when it's breakfast, dinner and lunch---anytime when you're hungry. The more hungry you are, the more you value it. It vanishes when there's no threat. (shows, time-wise, finiteness of values). In terms of temperament, I don't think anyone values specific objects innately. Potatoes are not directly valued because other means(food) could exist.
When you're not hungry, you don't value it unless there's a need to store it. If you require storing potatoes for future consumption, then you're already conditioning yourself to value potatoes. The more you associate potatoes to survival, the more you value it. Also, some behaviorist(s) could intervene and condition you to value potatoes through other positive associations.
If I come across a beet, I've discovered something new and of value.
I think something new is not necessarily something of value. It depends on temperament and external circumstances.
But If I'm a fish suddenly flung out of water, I discover how much I value water and don't want to be anywhere else.
Same with potatoes. Strong innate preference arises abruptly when it's about survival. I don't think fishes can shift values, so maybe, in this case, there's a constant value for water?
So ethnocentrism? I may find my culture a happy place. How will I feel encountering other cultures? On the other hand, what if my culture is my prison? How will I regard other cultures?
Depends on what culture you were brought up in, and your temperament.
...I guess freewill is not included in this equation.