my question is how does the human brain store and learn information
First there is something in the brain that resonates with information from the outside.
Second the information triggers neurons to be active. The neural nets, then rewire and send signals according to your brain architecture, and layout of neurons.
Over the day this information accumulates constantly being processed activating various parts of the brain, then it builds up, and you go to sleep where the brain switches off certain active networks, and starts integrating information into long term memory. Once that happens the information is no longer just in the parts of brain where the information was received, but its dispersed in various parts of the brain where the memories hooked up and got glued associativity. Its kind of like a computer HDD, but instead of just being in one place its spread out all over the neo cortex, or other brain parts. There is also emotional and other learning in the brain. Not sure how that works, but most of the learning we consider learning happens in neo cortex.