Which is precisely why tests are so wrong. Education should not be about Information. Information is not knowledge. Most things "learned" in school are forgotten in a few years, unless they are actually used. Memorizing by itself is worthless, and that is why we have libraries and databases for, and computers for number crunching.
No. Education should be about knowledge. That is, understanding. And skills. Not information. Essays, Projects, and Debates make you develop data gathering, analysis, and synthesis skills. Public speaking skills. Logic, analogy, metaphors, making parallels. They make you think and create, instead of spewing facts.
They are also more engaging, and might actually make you understand and remember the data in the long run, compared to just memorizing.
I'll have to come in on Kuu's side here. I don't think this is naive at all.
If people are taught a lot of data retention, then they have some facts. They can do most jobs, and follow directions really well. That is training, not education. Not everyone is suited for education, of course, and that is fine, since most people probably don't need it.
A few people are good at problem-solving, creativity, pattern recognition, analysis, and other skills Kuu mentioned. Not all of them are INTP, of course. I know an ESTJ who is brilliant at all of them, and many other non-INTP types too. Those people can be educated, and should be, as valuable resources to society, and because they deserve to be the best they can.
Instead, we have NCLB, classes taught to the lowest levels, and tests on things that are easy to test, mainly data retention. My niece had to read something off the Great Books List, I forget what, and her whole family read it together, and discussed it over the dinner table for a month. She didn't score well on her test, though, because the teacher asked what was the name of the ex-girlfriend of the main character, early in the book. She didn't remember because it was irrelevant, but it sure was easy to test.
Richard Feynman (who I am certain was an INTP) wrote about a biology class he took, while he was a professor at Princeton. He did a study of the nervous system of cats.
When it came time for me to give my talk on the subject, I started off by drawing an outline of the cat and began to name the various muscles.
The other students in the class interrupt me: "We know all of that!"
"Oh," I say, "you do? Then no wonder I can catch up with you so fast after you've had four years of biology." They had wasted all their time memorizing stuff like that, when it could be looked up in fifteen minutes.
(Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman, p.72)
Data retention certainly isn't worthless, but I don't see it as real education.