I am an INTP parent, and I have an INTP parent. We are awesome parents.
My INTP dad raised me to believe I am good with tools, math, and science, which was invaluable when I ran into teachers and fellow students who thought girls shouldn't be good at those. He has always treated me with respect and love.
Both he and my INFP mom took child development classes before becoming parents, so they would know what to expect. I love that about them. I can't say we have always gotten along perfectly, or that he is without flaws, but no one is.
To my younger self, he took care to be a good listener, gave thought to what I would need to know as an adult, and let me be myself. He was also there if I needed help, and gave me honest answers to the best of his ability. I never was a rebellious kid, possibly because I didn't have much to rebel against.
As an INTP stay-at-home mom, I like to think I'm doing it well. I try to follow my parents' examples, and be encouraging and respectful of my daughter. Like them, I'm willing to go do battle with the elementary school if I think she isn't getting what she needs. I do research on the benefits and problems with homework, and talk to the teacher if it gets out of hand. I always tell her the truth, to the best of my ability and her comprehension.
I make her practice piano every day. We spend more time chatting about science and zombies than we do about clothes (or whatever non-INTP moms talk about with their daughters). I encourage her to climb and balance and try risky-feeling things (that are actually quite safe). And since she is an introvert, I make sure she gets some down-time alone each day.
I base my final judgment on the fact that my daughter is healthy, mostly happy, confident in front of a crowd, not afraid of her own emotions, and doing well academically. She's not an athlete or physically brave, but she is energetic and gets exercise. I'll re-evaluate when she is a teenager, and see.
I think if someone is an ESTJ or something, an INTP parent would be a nightmare. But for most people, I think it would be lucky. We invest a lot of ourselves in being good parents. INTPs seem inclined to give their children opportunities to grow and explore, we aren't overprotective, we don't mind letting our child make mistakes and learn from them.
Not every parent values these things, of course. Many parents want their children to follow rules and obey authorities, and not ask too many questions. I'm more interested in teaching how and when to break rules, why that isn't always a good idea, and how to get along with people who say stupid things.