My experience with other INTP's is that when in their youth they can be highly self-centered and self-involved. I went through it myself. It sounds like you are going through an obsession with philosophy and are dying to talk about it relentlessly with someone. The problem is that even those in your immediate vicinity who could be rich resources of stimulation might not share your particular obsession of the moment.
I have a hard time believing you can't find ANYONE that has what you seek unless you live in an extremely small town, or an area straight out of "Deliverance."
Go back and check to make sure you are actually giving a crap about them as much as you think. And ask someone you trust to give a straight answer: Am I a big jerk?
If the answer is yes, then stop being a jerk.
Oh course, that is a big intuitive leap, so I may be way off.
I don't know, I was a bit different when I was a child. I remember walking up to some classmates to show them this beautiful geometric shape. I was shunned and rejected as weird. Or that one time I meditated. I always tried to share and part take in the joys of others.
Ostracized even today, I have a highly emotional form of Music/mathematical synesthesia and I cry when I see certain equations in quantum field theory or very particular strings of numbers—how can anyone sane identify with or be patient with that???
New York City is more private than you'd think. Combine that with rich and you have very exclusive circles—even at the universities, which I'm long past.
I think you might be off with the philosophy thing as I find this to be more of fine-tuned, navigation system to life for however long its spark can remain the cynosure rather than the necessity for a conversation point. Would be nice, sure.
I've triple checked with those around me. I've literally never fit in and no one has ever "gotten" me. Like does anyone in the world desire a real connection?
So...my latest mistake was joining clubs like Mensa in desperation. It was quite a fascinating let down.
Sometimes in really dark times... I just look down at my phone contacts, skype, and FB and I'm all like, "Fuck..."
And then so suddenly, walking about the great lawn of Princeton, Godel had Einstein—denizens of the map for humanity.