Nice. You know, this is something I guess I knew since I've studied some phenomenology and I look at them both in terms of "directly analysing experience" (I try to do this in a moral fashion as well as metaphysical). So, often my source of inspiration for describing things about the MBTI is that I am describing my own experiences, and tying this into the language of personality typology. Which reminds me, that typology really is a much broader subject than just the personality, and to me is more of a study of the nature of groups of inter-related elements, especially when divided under some particular real divisions.
I think part of the allure of the MBTI, is that it holds up to a fair amount of phenomenological scrutiny. When adopting it as a model, it does indeed become a decent way to divide one's experiences, especially given a fair bit of leeway in interpreting just what it is that the model really says (an issue when interpreting any scientific model supposing to have objective existence). So we have 2 primary information sources - the sensory world and the world of ideas; likewise, we have 2 primary methods of analysis - logical analysis and balancing/harmony (this I believe quite appropriately characterises the Feeling function - it is sort of a test between how the parts of the region being analysed are relating together. So, for example, whereas a single wrong idea in a logical analysis could disrupt the whole analysis, in a feeling analysis it has less of an impact - rather, it is the measures of harmony that are the most sensitive to change). Then, on each of these are two distinct approaches - whether it is towards subject or away from subject in terms of energy - with the other side being the objective (note: we access other subjects through the subjective, however the person is both subject and object). Finally is a note about the balancing factor within the psyche, and how this balancing tends to mean that a given type displays a particular configuration of energy, i.e. the P/J in the MBTI and p/j in socionics.
Part of the puzzle, of course, is figuring out how to interpret the information in a way which provides the best descriptors of your own experience, and what other means of doing so exist.