Disclaimer: I am using observation and intuition to come up with the following information. It makes sense to me but I could be totally wrong.
Cognitive functions do not have any sensation because it has to do with how you process information. However, any function can lead to a sensation.
I posted a brain image to illustrate how I believe the functions work.
[bimgx=550]http://i1375.photobucket.com/albums/ag448/computerhxr/emotional-response-shortcut_zps6f1ea26e.png[/bimgx]
If you take a look at the brain, the top layer would be cognitive functions. The bottom portion, near the center is where sensation comes from. I illustrated the short-cut pathways that allow you to react faster (e.g. flight or fight).
The dominant function would be the default section of the upper portion of the brain. When it loops around after thinking, it can end up in the lower potion that is associated with sensation.
If you look closely, you can see that physical touch, taste, and hearing end up going directly through the lower potion of the brain by proximity.
In the core section, there are glands that excrete chemicals that react to inputs when you need to have a sensation. If you see something scary, then something squirts out some adrenaline so you have an altered perception of time. The penal gland is in the same area.
So, the dominant function would be where ideas will go first by proximity. Then it would be paired by the polar opposite, and loop around through each function. When you are born, you don't know what the fuck is going on, so you have to choose one and ignore everything else. Over time, you will master the function and you will learn to use the other functions. Basically, you either learn by touching and putting shit in your mouth, or you observe. That is how you have introversion or extroversion. Just use bipolar waves and follow by proximity to see where the signal will go.
Your brain will take the data and if anything doesn't match, then it will throw up a red flag called cognitive dissonance.
The higher layers are what you would call unconscious. The proximity to sensations would determine how conscious the part of the brain is initially. As you grow you master a portion of the brain and you're able to remain cognizant rather than filtering the signals out.
Take a look at different brain waves and you can get an idea of how much of the brain it will loop through. Short waves will loop through portions of the brain that are in close proximity. Long waves will loop through the outer portions and travel around through portions of the brain that are distant polar areas.
See how the sleep waves are wider? They extend to the outer most regions of the brain as consciousness during sleep. You filter out the small waves that come in from the body-brain.
Let me know if that makes sense. I am working on writing up a document to explain how everything works as a system based on my own ideas.